When is endoscopic spine surgery recommended for a herniated disc?

The procedure uses a small working channel and camera to reach the affected spine area. A surgeon may remove disc material pressing on a nerve. The decision considers the herniation location, pain or numbness pattern, strength testing, scan findings and general health. Imaging alone does not decide whether an operation is needed; it should match the symptoms and examination.

Record changes in pain, sensation and strength, including activities you cannot manage. Tell the spine specialist which medicines, movement changes or physiotherapy you tried. Ask whether the nerve compression may improve without surgery, which technique fits the affected level, and how recovery could affect work, driving and exercise.

Seek urgent assessment for new bladder or bowel-control problems, numbness around the inner thighs or genitals, or rapidly worsening weakness in an arm or leg. Severe pain with fever, a serious injury or feeling acutely unwell also needs prompt review rather than waiting for a routine appointment.

Which nerve is compressed, and does my examination agree with the scan? What non-surgical options remain reasonable? If surgery is offered, what symptoms is it intended to improve and what warning signs should I monitor during recovery?