When is bone marrow biopsy recommended for leukaemia?

Leukaemia begins in blood-forming tissue, so a sample from the marrow can show which cells are abnormal and how many are present. The sample may help distinguish leukaemia from other blood disorders, identify the subtype, and provide information used to choose treatment. Doctors may also recommend repeat marrow testing when they need to check whether treatment has reduced abnormal cells or to investigate a change in blood counts.

The procedure usually takes a small sample from the back of the pelvic bone. Local anaesthetic is used, and the area may feel sore afterwards. The pathology and laboratory tests can take time because several features of the cells may need review.

Tell the team about blood-thinning medicines, bleeding problems, allergies, pregnancy, and medicines or supplements you take. Ask whether you need to alter any medicine or arrange transport if sedation is planned. Wear comfortable clothing and follow the clinic's instructions about food and drink. Afterward, keep the dressing clean and report persistent bleeding, increasing swelling, or pain that is not settling.

Get urgent medical help for bleeding that does not stop with firm pressure, severe pain, fainting, difficulty breathing, or a high fever. Contact the clinical team promptly for redness, warmth, pus, worsening tenderness, or fever after the procedure. If you have symptoms such as marked weakness, new confusion, or uncontrolled bleeding before the biopsy, do not wait for the appointment.

Ask what the biopsy is expected to clarify, which medicines need review, whether sedation is available, when results will be discussed, and how the findings could change your treatment plan.