What to know about traveller's diarrhoea in travellers

This term describes loose or watery stools that begin during a trip or soon after returning. Contaminated food or water, unfamiliar microbes and changes in eating habits can upset the intestine. Cramps, urgency, nausea and tiredness may occur. The main concern is dehydration, especially after repeated stools or vomiting. Most episodes improve over a few days, but the pattern and severity vary between people.

Take frequent small sips of safe water or an oral rehydration drink. Continue eating when able; rice, bread, bananas, soup and other simple foods may be easier to tolerate. Avoid alcohol and foods that clearly worsen symptoms. Wash hands with soap after using the toilet and before handling food. Do not prepare meals for other people while ill. A pharmacist or clinician can advise whether an anti-diarrhoeal medicine is suitable; some medicines should be avoided with fever or blood in the stool.

Seek prompt medical advice for blood or black stool, severe or worsening abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, confusion, faintness, very little urine, or signs of significant dehydration. Fever with marked weakness also needs assessment. Contact a clinician if symptoms continue after returning home, do not begin to improve, or affect a child, older person, pregnant traveller or someone with a weakened immune system. Tell the clinician where you travelled and when the illness began.

Could another infection explain these symptoms? Do I need a stool test or specific treatment? Which drinks and medicines are appropriate for me? How can I prevent passing the illness to people at home?