What to know about radiotherapy in pregnancy

Radiotherapy uses high-energy radiation aimed at a defined area. The effect on a developing baby depends on the treatment area, dose, timing within pregnancy, and how much radiation could reach the uterus. Treatment to areas far from the abdomen may be considered differently from treatment near the pelvis. The cancer team and maternity specialists weigh cancer control, fetal development, and your preferences together.

Tell the oncology team about the pregnancy before planning scans or treatment, including how far along you are and any earlier imaging or medicines. Ask for a joint plan involving oncology, radiation specialists, and obstetric care. Options may include surgery, chemotherapy at a suitable stage, delaying radiotherapy, changing the treatment field, or considering pregnancy-related decisions, depending on the cancer and your circumstances. Do not postpone contact while waiting for a routine appointment.

Contact your cancer or maternity team promptly if you have new bleeding, severe pain, fever, reduced fetal movement later in pregnancy, or treatment-related symptoms that worry you. Seek emergency help for heavy bleeding, trouble breathing, collapse, or severe abdominal pain. Tell emergency staff that you are pregnant and receiving or considering cancer treatment.

Ask which body area would be treated, how pregnancy changes the plan, what alternatives exist, how fetal monitoring will be arranged, and which symptoms require same-day advice. Ask who will coordinate appointments and how treatment timing affects delivery planning.