What to know about knee osteoarthritis in older adults

Knee osteoarthritis involves changes in the cartilage, bone, lining, and other tissues of the knee. Older adults may notice aching after walking, stiffness after sitting, difficulty with stairs, or a grating sensation. Symptoms can vary from day to day and do not always match an X-ray appearance. A clinician considers the history, movement, strength, alignment, and other possible causes before recommending a plan. Weakness, previous injury, body weight, and reduced activity can influence symptoms, but they do not determine a person’s whole outlook.

Choose regular, joint-friendly movement such as walking on a comfortable surface, cycling, water exercise, or prescribed strengthening. Begin at a manageable level and build slowly. A physiotherapist can teach exercises for the thigh, hip, balance, and mobility, while a clinician can discuss pain-relief options and injections when appropriate. Supportive footwear, pacing, rest breaks, and a walking aid used correctly may make daily tasks easier. Avoid staying in bed or stopping all movement, since prolonged inactivity can increase stiffness and weakness.

Book a review when pain limits sleep, walking, self-care, or participation despite a consistent home plan. Seek prompt care for a suddenly swollen or hot knee, fever, a new injury with inability to bear weight, calf swelling, chest pain, or breathlessness. A knee that locks or repeatedly gives way also deserves assessment because another problem may be present alongside osteoarthritis.

Ask: What is contributing to my knee symptoms? Which exercises are suitable for me? How can I use a cane or brace correctly? What are the benefits and drawbacks of each pain treatment? When should we reconsider the diagnosis or plan?