What to know about HPV vaccination in teenagers

Human papillomavirus is a common group of viruses spread mainly through intimate skin-to-skin contact. Some types can cause genital warts, while others can contribute to cervical, anal, penile, vulval, vaginal, and throat cancers. Vaccination trains the immune system to recognise selected HPV types before exposure.

The vaccine prevents new infection; it does not clear an HPV infection already present and it does not replace cervical screening when screening becomes appropriate. It is not a treatment for cancer, and receiving it does not change decisions about sexual activity.

Tell the vaccinator about severe allergies, previous vaccine reactions, fainting, current illness, and medicines. Wear clothing that leaves the upper arm easy to reach. A teenager may feel briefly sore, tired, dizzy, or feverish afterward; sitting for observation and drinking fluids can help.

Keep the appointment record and ask what date the next dose is due if more than one dose is advised. If a dose is delayed, contact the clinic for a catch-up plan rather than assuming the series must restart.

Get emergency help for difficulty breathing, facial swelling, widespread hives, collapse, or severe weakness after vaccination. Report a persistent high fever, worsening illness, or symptoms that concern you to a healthcare professional. Fainting can occur around injections, so tell staff if dizziness continues.

Which HPV vaccine schedule applies to my teenager? Are any allergies or current medicines relevant? What reactions are expected, how long should they last, and where should we call if they do not settle? Is cervical screening still needed later?