What to know about head lice in children

Lice are small insects that crawl close to the scalp; their eggs, called nits, are firmly attached to individual hairs. Itching behind the ears or at the nape can occur, but some children have little or no itch at first. Dandruff and product residue slide along the hair more easily, while nits stay attached. A live crawling louse is the clearest sign, so check in bright light with a fine-toothed comb near the scalp.

Follow the instructions for an age-appropriate lotion or shampoo, including how long to leave it on and whether a repeat application is needed. Wet-combing with conditioner and a fine comb can remove lice and nits; repeat sessions as directed. Check household members and close contacts, but do not treat people without evidence of live lice unless a clinician advises it. Avoid sharing combs, brushes, hats, and pillows, and wash or isolate recently used hair items according to local product guidance.

Ask a pharmacist or clinician for help if the child is very young, has eczema or broken skin, or the first treatment has not worked. Seek care for spreading sores, pus, fever, or severe scalp irritation from a product. Do not apply household insecticides, kerosene, or repeated treatments without guidance.

How can we confirm that these are live lice? Which treatment is suitable for my child's age and scalp? When should we repeat treatment or recheck the hair?