What to know about endometriosis in teenagers

Endometriosis is tissue similar to the lining of the uterus growing outside the uterus. In a teenager, symptoms may include cramping that is difficult to control, pain between periods, heavy bleeding, pain with bowel movements or urination during a period, nausea, tiredness, or pain that makes school, sport, sleep, or social activities harder. Symptoms can be dismissed as normal period discomfort, so describing their timing and effect is useful.

Keep a simple cycle diary: record pain, bleeding, bowel or bladder symptoms, medicines tried, and missed activities. Arrange an appointment with a family doctor, paediatrician, or gynaecologist. The clinician may discuss the history, examine you with consent, and decide whether imaging or treatment is appropriate. Treatment can include pain relief, hormonal options, or other support; the choice depends on symptoms, health history, and preferences.

Seek urgent medical help for fainting, severe sudden pelvic pain, repeated vomiting, very heavy bleeding, fever with pelvic pain, or weakness that makes standing difficult. Contact a clinician soon if pain repeatedly stops normal activities, pain is worsening, periods are unusually heavy, or symptoms continue despite the plan you were given.

Ask what other causes should be considered, which pain plan is suitable, whether hormonal treatment is an option, and when follow-up should happen. Ask how to involve a parent or trusted adult while keeping your privacy preferences clear.