What to know about cradle cap in children

Cradle cap, also called infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis, causes greasy or dry scales on the scalp. They may look white, yellow or brown, and the skin underneath can be mildly pink. Scale may also affect the eyebrows, behind the ears or skin folds. It is not caused by poor hygiene and is not usually uncomfortable, although some babies rub the area.

The condition is linked to oil and skin-cell build-up, with natural skin yeast and inflammation contributing. It is different from a contagious infection, but a similar-looking rash can have another cause.

Wash the scalp with a mild, fragrance-free baby shampoo, then rinse well. For thicker scale, apply a small amount of plain emollient or mineral oil before washing, allow it to soften the flakes, and gently loosen them with a soft brush. Wash out all oil afterwards because leaving it on can worsen the build-up.

Never scratch, pick or scrape the scales. Avoid adult dandruff products, essential oils and medicated creams unless a clinician recommends a specific product for the child. Cradle cap can come and go, so occasional maintenance washing may be needed.

Arrange an appointment if the scalp is very red, swollen, sore, bleeding, oozing or develops a bad smell, or if the rash spreads widely. Seek advice when hair loss, thick crusts or marked itching occurs, because eczema, psoriasis or infection may need different treatment.

Get prompt medical help if the child seems unwell, has a fever, or the skin becomes rapidly painful and warm. A clinician can examine the rash and recommend a suitable anti-inflammatory or antifungal treatment when simple care is not enough.

Ask whether the appearance fits cradle cap, which cleanser or emollient is suitable, and how long to try home care. If the rash is inflamed, ask how to apply any prescribed treatment and which changes should prompt a review.