What to know about clubfoot in children

Clubfoot, also called talipes equinovarus, is a foot and ankle position present from birth. The foot turns inward and downward, and the calf on that side may look smaller. The tissues around the foot are tight, but the condition is not caused by a parent holding or positioning the baby incorrectly. It can affect one foot or both feet.

An orthopaedic team examines the foot, ankle and leg and considers whether the foot is flexible or stiff. Early assessment helps the team plan correction and check for associated concerns. Treatment is designed to create a comfortable, functional foot rather than to force it straight at home.

Care commonly begins with a series of gentle stretches and casts that gradually guide the foot toward a better position. Some children need a small procedure to release a tight heel cord before the final cast; the treating team explains whether this is appropriate. After correction, a brace is worn according to the prescribed schedule so the foot can maintain its position.

Check the toes for warmth, colour and movement after a cast or brace is fitted. Keep the cast dry, never insert objects underneath it, and follow the team’s instructions for skin checks and appointments. Consistent brace use matters because the foot can turn inward again while a child is growing.

Contact the treatment team promptly if toes become cold, blue, pale, very swollen, numb or difficult to move. Call for advice if a cast becomes wet, cracked, loose, slips, develops a bad smell or causes persistent rubbing. Arrange review if the brace causes skin breakdown, the child cannot tolerate it, or the foot appears to be turning inward again. Do not adjust a cast or brace without guidance.

Ask how the correction plan will work, how often casts or braces change, and which signs mean the fit needs checking. Ask how to hold and bathe your child safely, when normal play is expected, how long bracing may continue, and what follow-up is needed if the foot begins to turn again.