What to know about chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in older adults

CLL begins in lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Abnormal cells can collect in the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, or liver. Some people have no symptoms at first and learn about CLL after a routine blood test. Others notice swollen glands, tiredness, repeated infections, night sweats, weight change, or a feeling of fullness under the ribs. These symptoms are not specific to CLL and require assessment rather than self-diagnosis.

Age alone does not determine the right approach. Kidney and heart function, other conditions, medicines, mobility, memory, nutrition, and personal priorities may affect testing and treatment choices. Some people are monitored with regular examinations and blood counts, while others need treatment when CLL causes symptoms or affects blood-cell production.

Bring an up-to-date list of medicines, supplements, allergies, and medical conditions. Record infections, fevers, bruising, bleeding, breathlessness, and changes in energy. Ask whether vaccinations, dental care, exercise, or infection precautions need adapting. A family member or trusted person can help remember information and discuss preferences.

If treatment is recommended, ask about its purpose, schedule, monitoring, interactions with current medicines, and effects on daily activities. Tell the team promptly about new symptoms rather than stopping prescribed treatment independently. Support for transport, nutrition, mood, and independence can be part of good cancer care.

Seek prompt advice for fever, chills, a new infection, unusual bleeding or bruising, worsening breathlessness, severe tiredness, or rapidly enlarging swollen glands. Urgent care is needed for severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, uncontrolled bleeding, or sudden severe weakness. If treatment is underway, use the contact number supplied by the haematology team and follow its fever instructions.

Ask: How active is the CLL? Do I need monitoring or treatment now? Which blood results matter? How will my other conditions and medicines influence choices? What infection symptoms should trigger a call? How can treatment affect independence, travel, and routine appointments?