What to know about breast cancer in women

Breast cancer begins when breast cells grow in an uncontrolled way. It can start in ducts or lobules and may remain local or move to lymph nodes and other parts of the body. Tumour tests look at features such as hormone receptors and HER2 because these findings influence treatment choices. A breast change is not automatically cancer; many are caused by benign conditions.

Assessment may include examination, breast imaging, and a needle biopsy. The pathology report and imaging help the team describe the cancer and plan care.

Arrange a clinical assessment for a new or changing breast concern. Bring information about previous breast problems, medicines, periods or menopause, pregnancy history, and relatives with cancer. If cancer is confirmed, ask about surgery, radiotherapy, medicines, reconstruction, fertility, and emotional support. A second specialist opinion can help when a treatment choice feels difficult.

Book an assessment for a new lump, nipple discharge that is not breast milk, nipple inversion, skin dimpling, persistent redness or swelling, a change in breast size or shape, or a lump in the armpit. Seek urgent help for severe illness, rapidly worsening swelling, or uncontrolled bleeding.

What tests do I need, and when will results be available? What type and stage of breast cancer is present? Which treatments are recommended and why? Should I discuss genetic counselling? How might treatment affect work, fertility, breastfeeding, body image, or daily life?