What to expect from stem cell transplant for leukaemia

Before infusion, conditioning treatment such as chemotherapy, with or without radiation, prepares the body and makes space for the new cells. Stem cells from a donor or from your own stored collection are then given through a central line, similar to a blood transfusion. They travel to the bone marrow and begin making new blood cells; this is not an operation to remove marrow through a large incision.

The early period can involve tiredness, nausea, mouth soreness, appetite changes and a low blood-cell count. With a donor transplant, medicines suppress unwanted immune reactions. The team checks blood counts, infection signs, organ function and, when relevant, graft-versus-host disease. Recovery continues after leaving hospital and may require frequent visits.

Before treatment, discuss fertility, dental care, vaccinations, medicines and a plan for transport and support at home. Follow food, hygiene and visitor instructions from the transplant unit. Take prescribed medicines at the scheduled times and do not start supplements or stop treatment without checking first.

Keep a thermometer and the transplant team’s contact details available. Protect yourself from infection by washing hands, avoiding people who are unwell and following advice about crowds, food and pets. Fatigue can last while blood counts rebuild, so pace activities and accept practical help.

Call the transplant team immediately for fever or chills, new cough, breathlessness, severe diarrhoea, repeated vomiting, inability to drink, bleeding, confusion or a new rash. After a donor transplant, report rash, yellowing of the skin, worsening abdominal symptoms or persistent mouth sores because these may need rapid treatment. Do not wait for the next appointment if symptoms change quickly.

Ask why transplant is being recommended, whether cells will come from a donor, how conditioning will affect you, how long close monitoring may last, which medicines require special precautions, and who to call day or night after discharge.