What is the first treatment for testicular cancer?

Testicle removal surgery removes the affected testicle through an incision in the groin and provides tissue for a precise diagnosis. The remaining testicle often continues hormone production, but fertility and hormone concerns should be discussed before treatment. After pathology and scans, some people need surveillance, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, while others need no immediate additional treatment. The choice depends on the tumour type, spread and individual health.

Ask about sperm banking before surgery or chemotherapy if future fertility matters to you; fertility preservation works best when discussed before treatment starts. Tell the team about medicines, prior illnesses and any plan for children. Learn how the operation may affect recovery, prosthesis choices and follow-up scans. Keep appointments even if you feel well, because follow-up detects changes that symptoms may not reveal.

Arrange prompt assessment for a new testicular lump, enlargement, heaviness or persistent ache. After surgery, seek urgent advice for severe pain, heavy bleeding, fever, increasing redness, wound separation or sudden swelling. During chemotherapy, report fever, breathing trouble, uncontrolled vomiting or unusual bleeding without waiting for the next visit.

Why is surgery recommended first for me? Should I preserve sperm before treatment? What did the pathology show? Will I need chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surveillance afterward?