What is the first treatment for sunburn?

Sunburn is an inflammatory skin injury caused by ultraviolet exposure. The skin may feel hot, tender and tight, then peel as the damaged surface sheds. An emollient helps support the skin barrier and reduce dryness, while cool—not icy—water or a cool damp cloth can ease heat and discomfort. Avoid rubbing, ice directly on the skin and products that sting.

Topical corticosteroids are not automatically needed for every sunburn. A clinician may consider them for selected inflammatory reactions after checking the severity and the area involved.

Move out of direct sun, cool the skin gently, drink fluids and apply a bland moisturiser while the skin is slightly damp. Leave blisters intact and cover the area with loose clothing. Do not peel loose skin or use topical anaesthetics that cause irritation. Once healed, use shade, protective clothing and sunscreen to prevent another burn.

Read about [Emollient Therapy](/treatments/medical-dermatology/emollient-therapy/) and ask a clinician whether [Topical Corticosteroids](/treatments/medical-dermatology/topical-corticosteroids/) are appropriate for your symptoms. Children, older adults and people with extensive burns may need earlier assessment.

Seek urgent medical help for confusion, fainting, severe weakness, repeated vomiting, inability to drink, trouble breathing, extensive blistering, severe pain, or signs of infection such as spreading redness, pus or fever. Medical advice is also appropriate for burns involving the eyes, face, hands or genitals, or when a baby or young child is affected.

How extensive is the burn, and which moisturiser is suitable? Should I use a prescribed anti-inflammatory treatment? What should I do if blisters open, peeling worsens or I develop fever?