What is the first treatment for earwax buildup?

Earwax can block the ear canal and cause muffled hearing, fullness, itching or ringing. Drops soften and loosen the wax so it can move out naturally or be removed more gently. A clinician should look in the ear when symptoms are marked, persistent or uncertain, because infection, a foreign object or another ear problem can feel similar.

If drops do not clear the canal, a trained professional may use irrigation or microsuction when suitable. The choice depends on the ear examination and history, including previous ear surgery, a perforated eardrum or current pain and discharge.

Use only ear drops recommended by a pharmacist or clinician and follow the product directions. Keep the bottle clean and stop if severe pain, dizziness or a new reaction occurs. Do not insert cotton buds, hairpins or fingers into the canal, and do not use ear candles; these can push wax deeper or injure the ear.

Arrange an examination if hearing remains reduced after softening treatment. Mention any ear operations, grommets, eardrum perforation or recurrent infections before removal is planned. A hearing test may be considered when hearing does not return after the canal is clear.

Seek prompt medical advice for sudden hearing loss, severe ear pain, fluid or blood from the ear, fever, marked dizziness or swelling around the ear. Sudden hearing loss should not be assumed to be wax, because early assessment can be important.

Ask whether the eardrum looks healthy, which drops are suitable, how long to use them, and whether removal by a clinician is needed. If hearing stays reduced, ask whether a hearing test should follow treatment.