What is a TENS unit used for?

TENS, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, sends small pulses through electrodes placed on the skin. The stimulation can change how pain signals are processed and may make movement or exercises more comfortable for some people. It does not identify the cause of pain or repair an injured joint, nerve or muscle.

A physiotherapist or doctor can help decide whether a TENS unit fits your symptoms. Pad placement and settings vary with the body area, skin condition and treatment aim, so another person’s instructions may not suit you.

Follow the demonstration from your clinician and begin with the recommended setting. Place pads on clean, intact skin, keep the unit off while attaching them, and inspect the skin afterward. Avoid placing pads over the front of the neck, eyes, open wounds or numb skin unless specifically advised. Do not wear the unit in water, while driving or during sleep.

Stop using the unit if it causes burning, persistent redness, a rash, dizziness or painful contractions. Arrange medical review for pain that is worsening, new weakness, progressive numbness, or symptoms following a significant injury. Chest pain, severe breathing difficulty or fainting require urgent assessment.

Is TENS appropriate for the cause of my pain? Where should the electrodes go, and what setting should I start with? Do I have any reason to avoid it, including an implanted electrical device or reduced skin sensation?