What is pelvic floor physiotherapy done with?

A physiotherapist may ask about bladder or bowel control, pelvic pain, sexual discomfort, pregnancy, birth, surgery, and daily activities. The assessment can include posture, breathing, movement, abdominal muscles, and the ability to contract and relax the pelvic floor. An internal assessment is not automatic; it should be explained and agreed to first.

Treatment may involve pelvic-floor strengthening, relaxation practice, stretches, coordination with breathing, bladder training, or gentle manual techniques. A therapist may use a mirror, biofeedback, or another device to help you understand muscle activity. An electromagnetic pelvic floor chair is one technology that may be discussed, but it is not suitable for everyone.

Bring a list of symptoms, previous pelvic or abdominal procedures, medicines, and relevant pregnancy or birth details. Notice when leakage, urgency, constipation, pain, or pressure occurs. Wear comfortable clothing and tell the therapist if any examination or touch feels uncomfortable; alternatives can be offered.

Home practice is usually part of care. Follow the prescribed repetitions and relaxation work rather than repeatedly squeezing the muscles, since an overactive pelvic floor may need release and coordination instead of more strengthening.

Seek medical assessment for new severe pelvic pain, fever, unexplained vaginal bleeding, blood in urine or stool, inability to pass urine, or sudden loss of bowel or bladder control. Physiotherapy should not delay urgent evaluation of these symptoms. Contact your therapist if exercises repeatedly worsen pain, pressure, numbness, or bleeding.

Do my symptoms suggest weak muscles, an overactive pelvic floor, or a coordination problem? Is an internal assessment appropriate for me? Which exercises should I avoid, how often should I practise, and would equipment add anything to my plan?