What is an otoscope used for?

The device has a light and a small viewing tip. A clinician uses it to see whether the canal is narrowed, irritated, blocked by wax or contains discharge. The eardrum can also be checked for colour, position, movement and visible changes that may fit with infection, pressure or injury.

The view is one part of an assessment. A normal-looking eardrum does not explain every cause of ear pain, hearing change or dizziness, so the clinician may also ask about symptoms and examine the nose, throat or nearby lymph nodes.

You usually sit still while the clinician gently positions the outer ear to straighten the canal. Tell them if the ear is painful, recently injured or has had surgery. Avoid putting cotton buds, oil or other objects into the ear before the visit unless a clinician has advised it. Children may need reassurance and a caregiver's help to keep the head steady.

Arrange prompt medical assessment for severe ear pain, fluid or blood from the ear, sudden hearing loss, marked swelling behind the ear, a high fever or a child who is unusually drowsy or difficult to settle. Seek emergency help for severe dizziness with weakness, facial drooping or trouble speaking.

Ask what the examination showed, whether wax or infection is present, and whether hearing should be checked. If the symptoms continue despite a reassuring examination, ask what other causes and follow-up plan should be considered.