What happens if stroke is not treated?

A stroke happens when part of the brain loses its blood supply or when a blood vessel bleeds. Brain cells are vulnerable to this loss of oxygen, so injury can expand while treatment is delayed. The effects depend on the brain area involved and may include one-sided numbness or weakness, blurred vision, difficulty speaking, confusion, balance problems or trouble swallowing.

After the emergency, some people need rehabilitation for movement, communication, swallowing or daily tasks. A stroke can also leave a person at risk of further vascular problems, so its cause needs investigation.

Call emergency services immediately for sudden facial drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulty, new numbness, blurred vision or loss of balance. Note when the person was last known to be well. Keep them safe, do not give food, drink or medicines unless instructed, and do not drive them yourself if an ambulance is available. Hospital teams determine whether the stroke is caused by a blockage or bleeding and choose treatment accordingly.

Every suspected stroke is an emergency, even if symptoms improve or disappear. A brief episode may still signal a serious risk. Seek help immediately for sudden weakness or numbness, trouble speaking, blurred vision, severe headache, confusion or difficulty walking.

Ask what type of stroke occurred, what caused it, which rehabilitation services are suitable, and how conditions such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, high cholesterol or type 2 diabetes will be managed.