What happens if strep throat is not treated?

Strep throat is caused by streptococcal bacteria. Ongoing inflammation can make a sore throat, fever and difficulty swallowing continue. The infection may spread to nearby areas, contributing to tonsillitis or a collection of infected material near the tonsil. Some people develop scarlet fever, which can include a rough-feeling rash and fever.

Less commonly, the immune response after infection can affect organs such as the kidneys or heart. Symptoms alone cannot confirm strep throat because other infections can look similar.

Arrange a GP consultation when a sore throat is severe, persistent, or accompanied by fever, swollen neck glands or difficulty swallowing. The clinician may examine your throat and decide whether testing is needed. If antibiotic treatment is prescribed, take it exactly as directed and complete the course unless the prescriber changes the plan. Do not share leftover antibiotics.

Seek emergency care if you cannot swallow fluids or saliva, have trouble breathing, develop a muffled voice, severe one-sided throat swelling, neck swelling, or rapidly worsening pain. Urgent review is also needed for dehydration, unusual drowsiness or a fever that is accompanied by a marked decline.

Ask whether testing is needed, whether the illness could be tonsillitis or another infection, how to manage pain and fluids, and which symptoms would require emergency help.