What happens if peptic ulcer is not treated?

An ulcer is an open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum. Ongoing irritation can deepen the sore. Bleeding may cause black stools, vomiting blood, tiredness or [Iron Deficiency Anaemia](/conditions/iron-deficiency-anaemia/). Swelling or scarring can narrow the outlet from the stomach and cause repeated vomiting or early fullness. A perforation is a hole that can allow digestive contents into the abdomen and is a medical emergency.

Helicobacter pylori infection and anti-inflammatory pain medicines are common contributors. Identifying the cause helps prevent recurrence; treatment may include acid suppression and, when infection is confirmed, [Antibiotic Treatment](/treatments/medical-management/antibiotic-treatment/).

Arrange a medical review for recurring upper abdominal pain, heartburn, nausea or unexplained tiredness. A clinician may review pain medicines, test for [Helicobacter Pylori Infection](/conditions/helicobacter-pylori-infection/) and select treatment based on the findings. Take prescribed medicines as directed and do not stop a course early without advice. Avoid taking extra anti-inflammatory pain medicine unless a clinician says it is suitable.

Keep a note of pain timing, stool colour, vomiting and medicines. This detail can help distinguish ulcer symptoms from reflux or other abdominal conditions.

Seek emergency help for black, tar-like stools, vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds, sudden severe abdominal pain, a rigid abdomen, faintness or marked weakness. These can indicate bleeding or perforation and need immediate assessment. Do not drive yourself if you feel faint.

Could my symptoms be an ulcer, reflux or another problem? Should I be tested for Helicobacter pylori? Which pain medicines are safe for me? How will we check that bleeding or anaemia is not present? When should I return if symptoms persist?