What happens if hiatus hernia is not treated?

A hiatus hernia occurs when part of the stomach moves up through the opening in the diaphragm. Many are small and cause no symptoms. When the valve between the food pipe and stomach does not close well, stomach contents can move upwards and cause acid reflux, heartburn, indigestion, excessive burping or an unpleasant taste. Ongoing irritation may make swallowing uncomfortable or, in some people, lead to inflammation and narrowing that makes food feel stuck.

Book a GP consultation if symptoms recur, disturb sleep, or need frequent self-treatment. Keep a note of meals, body position and symptoms, as these patterns can help assessment. Smaller meals, remaining upright after eating, and avoiding personal triggers may reduce reflux. A clinician may recommend acid reflux medication or further tests based on your symptoms and examination.

Get urgent help for severe chest pain, vomiting blood, black stools, fainting, or sudden difficulty swallowing. Seek prompt medical advice if swallowing progressively worsens, food repeatedly sticks, or you lose weight without trying. Chest pain with breathlessness, sweating or pain spreading to the arm or jaw needs emergency assessment because it may not be reflux.

Ask whether your symptoms fit a hiatus hernia or acid reflux, whether you need tests, how long to use medication, and which warning signs should trigger review. Mention all medicines, including painkillers and non-prescription remedies.