What happens before radiotherapy?

A radiation oncologist discusses the purpose of treatment, the body area involved and whether radiotherapy is being used alone or alongside another treatment. You may have an appointment called a simulation. During it, imaging helps the team locate the treatment area and protect nearby healthy tissue. Small marks or another positioning method may help you lie in the same position each time. The team may also make a support device if keeping still is difficult.

The number and timing of appointments depend on the treatment plan. Planning can take time because the team checks the images, dose pattern and positioning before treatment begins.

Bring a list of medicines, allergies and previous treatments. Tell the team if you might be pregnant, have an implanted device, or find it hard to lie flat or remain still. Follow the instructions about eating, drinking, skin products and medicines; these can differ according to the treated area. Wear comfortable clothing that allows access to the area, and ask whether you should arrange help with travel or daily tasks.

You can ask for a clear explanation of positioning, appointment length, skin care and who to contact between visits. Radiotherapy itself does not make you radioactive when external beams are used; your team will explain if a different form has different precautions.

Contact your cancer team before treatment if you develop an infection, new pain, a change in your ability to eat or drink, or cannot attend the planning visit. Tell them promptly about pregnancy concerns, a new medicine or a device such as a pacemaker. After planning, seek urgent help for severe breathing difficulty, confusion, heavy bleeding or symptoms that feel immediately dangerous.

Which area will be treated, how will it be positioned, and how should I prepare on appointment days? What skin or symptom changes should I report? Who should I call if I miss a visit or feel unwell?