What happens after BRCA genetic testing?

A positive result means a change was found in BRCA1 or BRCA2 that may increase the chance of certain cancers. It does not show that you have cancer. A negative result may mean no relevant change was found, although its meaning depends on whether a known family change was being checked. A result called a variant of uncertain significance is not treated like a confirmed harmful change; the genetics team may recommend routine care while knowledge develops.

The result is interpreted alongside your cancer history, relatives’ diagnoses, and any earlier testing in the family. Genetic counselling can help explain what the finding means for relatives and whether they should consider testing.

Arrange a results appointment with the clinician or genetic counsellor who ordered the test. Take a written family history if you have one, including the cancer type and age at diagnosis when known. Ask which screening plan fits your result and whether other genes or a broader panel need consideration.

Some people discuss medicines, closer screening, or surgery that lowers risk. A risk-reducing mastectomy is one possible discussion for some people with a high-risk BRCA result, but it is a personal decision requiring specialist counselling.

Genetic results are not usually an emergency. Contact your care team promptly if you notice a new breast or chest lump, nipple or skin change, unexplained bleeding, or another symptom that concerns you; these symptoms need assessment regardless of the test result. Seek urgent help for severe pain, heavy bleeding, trouble breathing, or sudden weakness.

Ask: What exactly was found? Does it change my screening schedule? Which relatives may benefit from counselling? Should my result be updated if classification changes? What are the advantages and drawbacks of monitoring, medicines, or risk-reducing surgery?