What does nail surgery treat?

The procedure depends on the problem. A clinician may remove part of an edge for an ingrown toenail, lift or remove a nail to reach the nail bed, or take a biopsy when a persistent dark streak or unusual growth needs clarification. Selected cases of nail fungus, nail separation, or a bruise beneath the nail may also need a procedure, but many are managed without surgery. Examination determines whether surgery is appropriate.

Before treatment, tell the clinician about medicines, allergies, bleeding problems, diabetes, and previous reactions to local anaesthetic. Follow instructions about washing, dressing, footwear, and keeping the area dry. Afterward, protect the treated finger or toe from pressure and watch the dressing for leakage. Nail growth and appearance can change during recovery, depending on which part of the nail unit was treated.

Contact the treating team if pain is increasing rather than settling, bleeding does not stop with firm pressure, or the wound becomes increasingly red, warm, swollen, or draining. Fever, spreading redness, numbness, or a pale or blue digit needs prompt medical advice. A dark nail mark that changes should be assessed even when it is not painful.

What exactly will be removed or sampled, and why? How should I care for the wound, when can I return to normal footwear or activity, and what nail changes should I expect while it heals?