What causes tennis elbow?

The tendon attachment on the outside of the elbow can be overloaded by racquet sports, manual work, keyboard or mouse use, cooking, gardening, or a new exercise routine. The problem can begin after one unusually demanding task, but it often builds gradually. Repeated wrist extension and forceful gripping make the forearm muscles pull on the attachment. Pain may spread down the forearm and become noticeable when lifting a cup, turning a key, or shaking hands. The name does not mean that tennis is required; many people develop it without playing tennis.

Reduce or modify the movements that sharply increase pain, while keeping the elbow and wrist gently mobile. Check whether tools, racquet grip, workstation position, or lifting technique can be adjusted. A physiotherapist can guide progressive strengthening of the wrist and forearm rather than relying on complete rest. A clinician can confirm the diagnosis and discuss pain relief options when needed. Read more about [Tennis Elbow](/conditions/tennis-elbow/).

Arrange an assessment if pain follows a fall, the elbow is visibly swollen or deformed, movement is suddenly restricted, or the hand feels weak or numb. Seek care sooner if redness, warmth, fever, or rapidly increasing swelling accompanies the pain. Persistent symptoms that interfere with work, sleep, or daily tasks also deserve review.

Which movements are overloading my tendon? What strengthening plan fits my work or sport? Would a brace help with a specific task? What other causes of outer-elbow pain should be considered?