What causes painful skin?

A tender red lump may be a boil, while cellulitis can cause spreading warmth, redness, swelling and soreness. Hidradenitis suppurativa can produce recurrent painful nodules or draining areas in skin folds. Shingles may present with burning or marked sensitivity followed by a one-sided blistering rash. Friction, sunburn, a wound, pressure or an ingrown toenail can hurt without causing a widespread rash.

The location, onset, visible redness, swelling, blisters, drainage and fever help separate local irritation from a condition needing treatment. Pain that feels out of proportion to the visible change should also be assessed.

Protect the area from friction and pressure, keep broken skin gently clean and avoid squeezing lumps or draining areas. A cool, clean compress may soothe heat or irritation. Do not share towels or personal items when an infection is possible. Record when the pain started, how quickly it changed and any new rash, swelling or discharge.

Get same-day medical advice for rapidly spreading redness, warmth, swelling, pus, fever, severe tenderness, red streaks or pain near the eye. A one-sided blistering rash needs prompt review because antiviral treatment works best when started early. Emergency help is needed for confusion, faintness, breathing difficulty or rapidly worsening illness.

Ask whether the pain fits cellulitis, a boil, shingles, hidradenitis or an ingrown nail; whether a swab or drainage is needed; and how to protect the area during recovery.