What causes scarlet fever?

The bacteria can cause strep throat and, in some people, the toxins trigger a widespread fine, rough rash. A sore throat, fever, swollen neck glands, a red tongue, and flushed cheeks may occur alongside the rash. Scarlet fever can spread through droplets from coughing or sneezing and through close contact with saliva or nasal mucus. Having contact with someone who has strep throat does not mean you will develop scarlet fever.

Arrange a medical assessment if a child or adult has a sore throat with fever and a sandpaper-like rash. A clinician may examine the throat and use a swab or other test. Antibiotics may be prescribed when a bacterial infection is confirmed or strongly suspected; take them exactly as directed. Fluids, rest, and suitable fever relief can help with comfort. Avoid sharing cups, towels, or utensils, and wash hands regularly.

Seek prompt medical advice for a rapidly spreading rash, worsening throat pain, difficulty swallowing, or signs of dehydration such as very little urine. Get urgent help for trouble breathing, severe drowsiness, confusion, or a child who cannot keep fluids down.

Could this be scarlet fever or another rash? Does a throat test help? Which symptoms should prompt urgent review? When can the person return to school or work?