What causes pelvic inflammatory disease?

Pelvic inflammatory disease, or PID, affects the upper reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Chlamydia and gonorrhoea are common triggers, but other bacteria from the genital tract can also be involved. Infection may have few symptoms at first, so absence of obvious discharge does not rule it out. Untreated inflammation can lead to ongoing pelvic pain, scarring around the fallopian tubes, or problems with fertility and pregnancy.

Arrange a prompt sexual-health or gynaecology assessment if PID is possible. Testing may include urine or swab tests, a pregnancy test, and an examination; treatment is usually prescribed before every result is available when clinical features fit. Take the complete course as directed, avoid sex until treatment guidance is completed, and ensure recent partners receive appropriate testing and treatment advice. Do not share leftover antibiotics.

Seek same-day care for lower abdominal pain with fever, unusual discharge, pain during sex, bleeding after sex, or bleeding between periods. Urgent assessment is needed for severe pain, vomiting, fainting, marked weakness, heavy bleeding, or possible pregnancy. Worsening symptoms after starting treatment also need review.

Could my symptoms be PID or another pelvic condition? Which tests should I and my partner have? When is it safe to have sex again? Do I need follow-up to check that symptoms and inflammation have settled?