What causes lower back pain?

A sudden ache after lifting, twisting, or prolonged sitting often involves muscles or small joints around the lower spine. A disc can bulge or become irritated and may cause pain that travels into the buttock or leg, sometimes with tingling. Narrowing around the spinal nerves is called Spinal Stenosis. A vertebra that slips forward is Spondylolisthesis, while a weakened vertebra can develop a Vertebral Compression Fracture. A Herniated Disc is another possible source of nerve-related symptoms. Pain can also occur without one clear structural cause.

Keep gently moving if you can, change position regularly, and avoid bed rest for long periods. Short walks and comfortable mobility exercises may prevent stiffness. For a flare after activity, reduce the provoking load while maintaining easy daily movement. A clinician or physiotherapist can check strength, movement, and nerve signs before suggesting exercises or manual options such as Osteopathy, Chiropractic Adjustment, or Non-Surgical Spinal Decompression.

Arrange medical assessment if pain is persistent, repeatedly returns, follows a fall, or limits walking, sleep, or daily tasks. Seek urgent care for new loss of bladder or bowel control, numbness around the groin, severe or worsening leg weakness, fever with severe back pain, or pain after significant trauma.

Ask which structures may be involved, whether your examination suggests nerve irritation, what activity is suitable now, and which symptoms should prompt urgent review.