What causes leg numbness and tingling?

A herniated disc can irritate a nerve root as it leaves the spine, producing altered sensation that may travel from the back or buttock into the leg. Sciatica describes this radiating nerve pain pattern and may include tingling or reduced feeling. Spinal stenosis can narrow the spaces around nerves, with symptoms often changing during standing or walking. Tarsal tunnel syndrome affects a nerve near the inner ankle and may cause tingling into the foot.

The exact route of the sensation, whether one or both legs are involved, changes with posture, and the presence of weakness or back pain are useful clues. Other medical conditions can affect nerves too, so a new or persistent symptom deserves a proper history and examination.

Change position regularly, avoid prolonged pressure on the affected area, and keep movement gentle if it does not increase symptoms. Note when the sensation starts, where it travels, and whether coughing, sitting, standing, or walking changes it. Arrange a review if it continues, spreads, or comes with weakness. A clinician may test strength, reflexes, sensation, and walking before deciding whether further tests are needed.

Seek emergency care for sudden numbness with facial or arm weakness, trouble speaking, or severe balance change. Get urgent assessment for new loss of bladder or bowel control, numbness around the inner thighs or genitals, rapidly worsening leg weakness, or symptoms after major trauma. These signs can indicate serious nerve involvement.

Ask which nerve pathway may be involved, whether your strength and reflexes are normal, what activity changes are sensible, and which symptoms require immediate help. Bring a clear description of the first episode and any medicines or recent injuries.