What causes frozen shoulder?

The capsule around the shoulder joint can become irritated, thicken, and lose flexibility. Pain may begin before movement becomes markedly restricted, and everyday actions such as dressing, reaching overhead, or placing a hand behind the back can become difficult. Sometimes there is no single clear cause. Shoulder inflammation, including rotator cuff tendinitis, or keeping the arm still after an injury can contribute to the process.

Frozen Shoulder is identified by a characteristic restriction of both active and passive movement. Other problems, including a tendon tear or arthritis, can look similar, so assessment matters.

Use the shoulder within a tolerable range and avoid forcing painful end positions. Gentle, regular exercises prescribed by a clinician or physiotherapist can help maintain movement. Pain control should be discussed if discomfort prevents sleep or exercise. Recovery can be gradual, so a tailored plan may change as pain and stiffness change. Treating an underlying shoulder problem may also be part of care.

Arrange assessment when shoulder pain and restricted movement interfere with dressing, sleep, work, or reaching. Seek urgent help after a major injury, if the shoulder looks deformed, or if arm weakness, severe numbness, chest pain, or breathing difficulty occurs. Early review is useful when movement is declining rather than improving.

Ask whether the examination fits Frozen Shoulder, whether another shoulder condition needs exclusion, which exercises are suitable now, and how pain will be managed during rehabilitation.