What causes breast lump?

Breast tissue can feel lumpy or tender as hormones change during the menstrual cycle. A breast cyst is a fluid-filled area, while a fibroadenoma is a solid benign growth that may feel smooth and mobile. Fibrocystic breast changes can produce several tender or rope-like areas. During breastfeeding, a blocked milk duct may create a localised tender lump; a breast abscess can add warmth, redness, fever, or worsening pain. Breast cancer is another possible cause, including triple-negative breast cancer, but the feel of a lump alone cannot identify its cause.

Arrange an appointment for any new, persistent, enlarging, or unusual lump. Note where it is, when you noticed it, whether it changes with your cycle, and whether there is pain, discharge, skin change, or breastfeeding. A clinician may examine the breast and arrange imaging; a sample may be advised when imaging or examination leaves uncertainty. Do not repeatedly press the area, as this can increase soreness and make changes harder to judge.

Seek prompt care for a hot, red, painful breast with fever or feeling unwell, especially during breastfeeding. Arrange urgent assessment for a rapidly growing lump, skin dimpling, an inward-turning nipple, bloody nipple discharge, or a swollen area in the armpit. These findings need examination; they do not establish a diagnosis by themselves.

What features of this lump should be checked with imaging? Could my cycle, breastfeeding, or an infection explain it? Do I need a sample or follow-up examination? Which breast or skin changes should make me seek faster care?