What are the treatment options for vulvar cancer?

The vulva includes several external genital structures, so the operation depends on where the tumour is and how much nearby tissue is involved. Tumour removal surgery may remove the cancer with a margin of healthy-looking tissue. In some cases, nearby lymph nodes are assessed because they can show whether cancer cells have travelled beyond the original area.

Radiotherapy uses carefully directed radiation to damage cancer cells. It may be recommended after surgery when the team wants to reduce the chance of cancer remaining in the treated area, or when surgery is not suitable. Treatment planning considers healing, skin changes, discomfort and effects on nearby organs.

Ask the gynaecological oncology team to explain the proposed sequence: which treatment comes first, what tissue may be removed, and whether radiotherapy is being considered. Bring a list of medicines and describe any vulvar pain, bleeding, itching, discharge or changes in urination. Practical planning can include wound care, pain relief, mobility, emotional support and who will help at home after an operation.

Read about [Tumour Removal Surgery](/treatments/surgical-oncology/tumour-removal-surgery/) and [Radiotherapy](/treatments/radiation-oncology/radiotherapy/) to understand the treatments discussed. Information about [Vulvar Cancer](/conditions/vulvar-cancer/) can help you prepare for appointments.

Contact your treatment team promptly for heavy bleeding, fever, worsening wound redness or swelling, pus-like drainage, inability to pass urine, or pain that is not controlled by the prescribed plan. Seek urgent help for severe bleeding, fainting, sudden breathing difficulty or rapidly worsening illness.

Which treatment is recommended for my tumour, and what is its aim? Will lymph nodes be assessed? How might treatment affect healing, sexual comfort, urination and daily activities? What symptoms should I report between appointments?