What are the treatment options for ulcerative colitis?

Ulcerative colitis causes inflammation in the lining of the large bowel. Treatment is chosen according to which part of the bowel is affected, how active the inflammation is, previous treatment, other illnesses and your preferences. Some medicines are used to settle a flare; others are continued to help prevent symptoms returning.

Your clinician may assess stool frequency, bleeding, pain, weight, hydration and blood-test results. A specialist may recommend further tests if symptoms change. Medicines can include bowel-directed anti-inflammatory treatment, steroids for selected flares, or immune-targeting medicines when inflammation needs stronger control.

Take medicines on the schedule provided and keep a record of bowel movements, bleeding, pain, food triggers and side effects. Do not stop steroids suddenly or change immune-targeting treatment without medical advice. During a flare, prioritise fluids and ask about nutrition support if eating becomes difficult.

Regular review helps check inflammation, anaemia, medication effects and the need for bowel monitoring. Screening decisions depend on your history and the duration and extent of disease, so ask which checks apply to you.

Seek urgent help for heavy or persistent rectal bleeding, severe or rapidly worsening abdominal pain, a swollen abdomen, repeated vomiting, fainting, confusion, high fever or inability to keep fluids down. Contact your care team promptly when bowel symptoms suddenly become much more frequent or treatment is not controlling a flare.

Is my current treatment for a flare or long-term control? What side effects should I report? Which tests will monitor inflammation and anaemia? What is my plan if bleeding or diarrhoea increases?