What are the treatment options for thumb arthritis?

Thumb arthritis commonly affects the carpometacarpal, or basal, joint where the thumb meets the wrist. It can make pinching, turning a key, opening a lid or holding a phone painful. Stiffness and reduced grip may develop as the joint becomes less tolerant of load.

Treatment is matched to pain, hand function, joint movement and the demands placed on the thumb. A clinician may also check whether another wrist or tendon problem is contributing.

[Splinting](/treatments/trauma-and-fracture-care/splinting/) can support the thumb during tasks and reduce painful joint movement. Use larger handles, avoid forceful pinch when possible, alternate hands and take breaks from repetitive gripping. Hand exercises may maintain movement and strengthen supporting muscles when prescribed.

A [Cortisone Injection](/treatments/non-surgical-orthopedics/cortisone-injection/) may be considered for pain that remains limiting after assessment. If pain and loss of function continue despite non-surgical care, [Joint Fusion Surgery](/treatments/reconstructive-orthopedic-surgery/joint-fusion-surgery/) is one surgical option; the effect on movement and grip should be discussed carefully.

Seek an assessment when thumb pain interferes with dressing, cooking, work or sleep, or when grip is steadily weakening. Obtain prompt care after an injury causing deformity, marked swelling, loss of sensation, or inability to move the thumb.

Ask which joint is involved, what type of splint suits your tasks, which movements to modify, whether an injection fits your goals, and how surgery would affect thumb motion.