What are the treatment options for penile cancer?

The team reviews examination findings, biopsy results and scans to understand how far the tumour extends. Tumour removal surgery may remove the affected area while aiming to preserve as much healthy tissue and function as possible. The operation can vary from a local excision to a larger procedure when the tumour is extensive. Radiotherapy uses focused radiation to treat cancer cells and may be considered for selected tumours or when surgery is unsuitable. Nearby lymph nodes may also need assessment or treatment. Your personal goals, general health, and the effect on urination, sexual function and body image should be part of the discussion.

Arrange review with a specialist team experienced in penile cancer. Take the pathology report and scan results if you have them, and list medicines, allergies and previous treatments. Ask what the proposed treatment is trying to achieve, how much tissue may be removed, and what recovery and follow-up involve. Tell the team about pain, bleeding, discharge, a new lump, difficulty passing urine or changes in sexual function. Emotional and psychosexual support can be requested as part of care.

Seek prompt medical assessment for persistent bleeding, rapidly worsening swelling, fever, foul-smelling discharge or inability to pass urine. Emergency care is needed for heavy bleeding, collapse, severe pain or sudden inability to urinate. Do not wait for a routine appointment when these symptoms are severe or rapidly changing.

Where exactly is the tumour, and has it reached lymph nodes? Could local surgery preserve normal function? Why is radiotherapy being recommended or avoided? What changes to urination or sexual function might occur? How will recurrence be checked?