What are the treatment options for nasal and sinus cancer?

Nasal and sinus cancers can arise in different areas of the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. The team uses examination, scans and a tissue diagnosis to understand the tumour's exact site and extent. This helps determine whether the priority is removing the tumour, treating nearby microscopic disease, preserving important structures or combining approaches.

Tumour removal surgery may remove the cancer through the nose or by another approach, depending on its position and relationship to the eye, skull base, nerves and facial structures. Radiotherapy uses carefully planned radiation to treat a defined area and may be given after surgery or as the main local treatment.

Ask whether treatment could affect breathing, smell, vision, hearing, teeth, swallowing or facial appearance, and whether reconstruction or rehabilitation may be needed. Tell the team about dental problems, medicines and previous radiation. A specialist may explain nasal care, skin care and nutrition support during treatment. Read about [Radiotherapy](/treatments/radiation-oncology/radiotherapy/) and [Tumour Removal Surgery](/treatments/surgical-oncology/tumour-removal-surgery/).

Contact the treatment team promptly for heavy nosebleeding, new vision changes, facial swelling, worsening difficulty breathing, inability to drink or a fever during treatment. Emergency help is needed for uncontrolled bleeding, severe breathing difficulty, sudden loss of vision or confusion.

Where exactly is the tumour? What is the purpose and sequence of surgery or radiotherapy? Which functions could be affected? Will I need dental review, reconstruction, speech or swallowing support?