What are the treatment options for multiple myeloma?

Multiple myeloma is a blood cancer involving abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Treatment is selected using factors such as symptoms, blood and urine findings, kidney function, bone health, previous treatment, and general fitness.

Chemotherapy and targeted therapy can reduce myeloma cells throughout the body. An autologous stem cell transplant uses your own collected stem cells after intensive treatment; it is considered only when the expected benefits and risks fit your health. CAR T-cell therapy changes immune cells so they can recognise myeloma and is used in specific settings. Radiotherapy can help control a painful or fragile area, while bone-strengthening therapy supports skeletal health.

Bring details of infections, dental problems, numbness, pain, medicines, and kidney or heart conditions. Ask whether you need dental clearance before bone treatment, how treatment affects infection risk, and how blood tests will guide the next step. Gentle activity, hydration advice, and a plan for bone pain or falls can make treatment safer.

Seek urgent care for a fever during treatment, new confusion, severe weakness, sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, or very little urine. New severe back pain with leg weakness or loss of bladder or bowel control requires immediate assessment because a spinal nerve problem may need rapid treatment.

What is the treatment goal now? Am I a candidate for an autologous transplant or CAR T-cell therapy? How will kidney function, blood counts, and bones be monitored? What infection precautions and dental checks do I need?