What are the treatment options for ingrown toenail?

An ingrown toenail occurs when the nail edge presses into the surrounding skin, most often at the side of a big toe. The fold may become tender, red and swollen, and extra tissue or drainage can develop if irritation persists. Tight footwear, curved nails, repeated trauma and cutting the corners too deeply can contribute. Diabetes, poor circulation or reduced sensation make early professional assessment especially important.

For a mild case without spreading infection, wide shoes, keeping the toe clean and dry, and avoiding digging under the nail may reduce pressure. Do not cut a painful corner or attempt to remove embedded nail yourself. A clinician can lift or trim the offending edge during ingrown toenail treatment. If the problem keeps returning or the nail edge is deeply embedded, ingrown toenail surgery may remove part of the nail and, when suitable, prevent that edge from regrowing. Nail surgery is another option when the nail itself needs a broader procedure. Read about [Ingrown Toenail Treatment](/treatments/minor-procedures/ingrown-toenail-treatment/), [Ingrown Toenail Surgery](/treatments/surgical-dermatology/ingrown-toenail-surgery/) and [Nail Surgery](/treatments/surgical-dermatology/nail-surgery/).

Arrange care if pain, redness or swelling is worsening, if pus or excess tissue appears, or if walking becomes difficult. Seek prompt medical attention for fever, spreading redness or severe pain. If you have diabetes, circulation problems or numbness in the feet, do not rely on home treatment alone.

Can the nail edge be treated without surgery? Is part of the nail root involved? How should I dress the toe afterward, and how can I reduce the chance of recurrence?