What are the treatment options for hallux rigidus?

Hallux rigidus is arthritis and stiffness at the joint where the big toe meets the foot. Pain may increase when the toe bends during walking, and a bony prominence can rub against shoes. The plan depends on joint damage, flexibility, footwear, work demands and the activities you want to maintain.

Wider shoes with a firm or stiff sole can reduce bending pressure. Custom orthotics may redistribute load inside the shoe. A cortisone injection can be considered for selected painful joints, with expected benefit and limitations discussed beforehand. When the joint is severely damaged and motion itself is a major pain source, fusion surgery joins the bones to create a stable, less painful joint.

Choose footwear that leaves room around the big toe and avoid thin, flexible soles if they increase pain. Reduce activities that repeatedly force the toe upward, then return to them gradually if symptoms settle. Use prescribed medicines or inserts as directed. A foot and ankle assessment can check whether the joint is flexible, whether the bump is being irritated, and which option fits your goals.

Book an assessment if toe stiffness, swelling or pain is changing how you walk, work or exercise. Seek prompt care after an injury, for sudden redness and severe pain, an open sore from shoe pressure, spreading warmth, fever or a toe that looks deformed. Diabetes, poor circulation or reduced sensation make early review especially important.

Ask how much cartilage damage and movement loss you have, whether an orthotic or injection is reasonable, and which shoes or activities should change. If surgery is discussed, ask how fusion affects toe movement, walking, work, footwear and recovery, and what follow-up will be required.