What are the treatment options for dementia?

Dementia describes changes in memory, thinking, communication, or daily function that have different possible causes. A GP consultation can review symptoms, medicines, mood, sleep, hearing, vision, and physical health, then arrange further assessment when needed. Some medicines may help particular symptoms for selected people; they require review because benefits and side effects vary. Treating pain, infection, depression, sleep problems, or medicine effects can also improve day-to-day function.

Keep routines familiar, use clear prompts, support regular meals and activity, and make the home safer around falls, cooking, medicines, and driving. Record changes in memory, behaviour, sleep, appetite, and ability to manage tasks. Involve the person in decisions while they can express preferences, and identify a trusted contact for appointments and practical support. A mental health assessment may help when low mood, anxiety, distress, or behaviour changes are part of the picture.

Sudden confusion, new weakness, facial drooping, trouble speaking, a severe headache, seizure, fever, or a fall with injury needs urgent medical assessment rather than being assumed to be dementia. Seek prompt help for wandering, self-harm thoughts, aggression that cannot be managed safely, inability to eat or drink, or a rapid change from the usual pattern.

Ask what causes have been considered, which assessments are appropriate, whether medicines may be contributing, and how progress will be reviewed. Discuss advance care preferences, driving, work, home safety, carer support, and who to contact if symptoms change.