What are the treatment options for COPD?

COPD is a long-term condition in which airflow through the lungs is limited. Treatment is personalised according to breathlessness, cough, mucus, flare-ups, other health conditions, and how well you can use an inhaler. [Spirometry](/treatments/diagnostics-and-screening/spirometry/) helps assess airflow and may support diagnosis or monitoring. A plan may include a reliever inhaler, a regular inhaler to relax the airways, or other prescribed medicines.

Use inhalers exactly as taught and ask for a technique check if the medicine does not seem to help. Keep follow-up appointments so symptoms, inhaler use, activity, and flare-up history can be reviewed. A [Chronic Disease Review](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/chronic-disease-review/) can bring these checks together. If you smoke, a [Smoking Cessation Programme](/treatments/lifestyle-and-wellness/smoking-cessation-programme/) can provide structured support. Gentle activity, pulmonary rehabilitation when offered, and avoiding known irritants may improve day-to-day function. Do not change prescribed inhalers without advice.

Seek urgent care if breathlessness is severe or rapidly worsening, you cannot speak comfortably, your lips look blue or grey, you feel confused or faint, or your usual rescue inhaler is not giving relief. A sudden change from your normal symptoms may be a flare-up requiring prompt assessment.

Ask how each inhaler works, when to use it during a flare-up, whether your technique is effective, and which written action plan should guide you if breathing changes.