What are the treatment options for carpal tunnel syndrome?

Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve is compressed at the wrist. Numbness or tingling may affect the thumb, index, middle and part of the ring finger; aching, clumsiness or reduced grip can also occur. Symptoms may be worse during sleep or with sustained wrist positions.

An examination may assess sensation, thumb strength and hand function. Nerve testing or imaging can be considered when the diagnosis is uncertain, symptoms are severe, or another nerve problem needs to be excluded.

Splinting keeps the wrist in a neutral position, often during sleep or tasks that trigger symptoms. Adjusting keyboard, tool or gripping habits can reduce repeated wrist bending. Physiotherapy may include nerve and tendon movement, hand exercises and advice on loading; the programme is tailored to the findings.

A cortisone injection can reduce local swelling around the nerve and may provide temporary symptom relief in selected cases. Carpal tunnel release surgery opens the tight roof of the tunnel to give the nerve more space. It may be discussed when symptoms persist, nerve function is affected, or non-surgical care is unsuitable.

Arrange an assessment if numbness is persistent, grip is weakening, objects are being dropped, or thumb muscles look smaller. Seek urgent care for sudden hand weakness or numbness with facial changes, speech difficulty or severe arm pain, because those symptoms may signal a different emergency.

Ask which fingers and nerve findings support the diagnosis, whether nerve testing is needed, and how to wear a splint correctly. If surgery is discussed, ask how nerve function will be monitored, what hand use is allowed during recovery, and when improvement should be reviewed.