What are the treatment options for bunions?

A bunion is a change in alignment at the base of the big toe that can create a prominent bump, pressure from shoes, aching or stiffness. Treatment is guided by symptoms and examination rather than the appearance alone. An X-ray may help show bone alignment and joint changes when surgery is being considered.

Non-surgical care can make the foot more comfortable but usually does not reverse the underlying bone alignment. A clinician may also check for arthritis, skin irritation or problems affecting walking.

Start with shoes that give the toes room and avoid pressure over the bump. Padding, activity adjustment and an anti-inflammatory medication may help some people, if suitable for their health and other medicines. Custom orthotics can alter pressure distribution and support foot mechanics; they are fitted to the individual foot.

Bunion surgery may be discussed when pain continues despite practical measures, footwear becomes difficult, or daily activities are restricted. The operation is selected according to the joint and bone alignment, and recovery includes wound care, protected loading and a gradual return to shoes and activity.

Arrange an assessment if the bump is painful, footwear repeatedly rubs the skin, the big toe is becoming stiff, or walking is changing. Seek prompt care for rapidly increasing redness, warmth, swelling, drainage, fever or a sudden inability to bear weight, especially if diabetes or poor circulation is present.

Ask which part of the foot is causing the symptoms, whether an X-ray is needed, and which footwear or orthotic changes fit your activities. If surgery is suggested, ask what correction is planned, how weight-bearing will be protected, and which warning signs need urgent review.