What are the symptoms of vaginal cancer?

Bleeding may occur between periods, after sex, or after menopause. A change in discharge, pelvic discomfort, pain during sex, or a mass that can be felt or seen may also occur. These symptoms have many possible explanations, including infection, irritation, polyps, hormonal changes and other gynaecological conditions. HPV infection can be relevant to some vaginal cancers, but a symptom does not show that cancer is present. Some people have no early symptoms.

Make an appointment with a doctor or gynaecology service for unexplained bleeding, a persistent discharge, a new lump, or pelvic symptoms. Assessment may include questions about menstrual and menopause history, a pelvic examination, cervical screening history and tests for infection. If an area needs closer review, the clinician may recommend imaging or a biopsy. Avoid assuming that bleeding is part of normal ageing or simply an infection without an examination.

Seek urgent care for heavy bleeding, faintness, severe pelvic pain, fever with pelvic symptoms, or difficulty passing urine. Emergency assessment is also appropriate if bleeding is accompanied by weakness or signs of shock.

Ask what may be causing the bleeding or discharge, whether a pelvic examination and biopsy are needed, which warning signs require faster help, and when you should expect follow-up.