What are the symptoms of ulcerative colitis?

Ulcerative colitis is inflammation of the lining of the large bowel. Symptoms may include loose stools, rectal bleeding, mucus, cramping, and a strong need to use the toilet even when little passes. Some people feel tired, lose appetite, or have unintentional weight loss. Symptoms can settle for a time and then return during a flare. The condition presents differently between people, so blood in stool or diarrhoea still needs assessment rather than a self-diagnosis.

Arrange a GP consultation for ongoing diarrhoea, repeated blood in stool, abdominal pain, or unexplained weight loss. Note stool frequency, bleeding, pain, fever, food triggers, and medicines. A clinician may examine you and arrange blood or stool tests; further assessment can distinguish ulcerative colitis from infection, medicines, or other bowel conditions. Keep drinking fluids while waiting for advice.

Seek urgent care for heavy or persistent rectal bleeding, severe or worsening abdominal pain, a swollen abdomen, repeated vomiting, fever with marked weakness, dizziness, fainting, or inability to keep fluids down. A sudden major change in bowel symptoms can require prompt treatment, particularly if you already have ulcerative colitis.

Ask whether your symptoms suggest inflammation, which tests could clarify the cause, how to manage hydration, and which changes should prompt urgent review. Ask whether colorectal cancer screening is relevant to your personal history.