What are the symptoms of preterm labour?

Contractions may feel like repeated tightening across the abdomen and may become closer together, stronger, or harder to settle with rest. A dull lower-back ache, pelvic pressure, menstrual-type cramps, or a change in vaginal discharge can also occur. Fluid that leaks or gushes may mean the waters have broken. Braxton Hicks contractions are often irregular and do not build in the same pattern, but only an assessment can distinguish them reliably.

If you are pregnant and have repeated tightenings, new pelvic pressure, back pain, bleeding, or possible fluid leakage before your expected due period, contact your maternity unit immediately. Note when symptoms began, how often tightenings happen, the colour and smell of any fluid, and whether your baby’s movements have changed. Use a pad for leaking fluid rather than inserting anything into the vagina, and follow the maternity team’s instructions about coming in.

Do not wait for symptoms to become severe. Urgent assessment is needed for suspected waters breaking, vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, regular contractions, fever, feeling faint, or reduced baby movements. Call emergency services if there is heavy bleeding, severe constant pain, or you feel seriously unwell.

Ask how your cervix, contractions, waters, and baby may be checked, what monitoring is needed, and whether an antenatal steroid injection or cervical cerclage could be relevant in your situation.