What are the symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse?

Prolapse happens when tissues supporting the bladder, bowel or womb become less able to hold these organs in their usual position. You may notice a heaviness that worsens after standing, coughing or exercise, or a feeling that something is coming down. A bulge may be visible or felt at the vaginal opening. Urinary urgency, incomplete emptying, constipation or difficulty controlling wind can occur, depending on which area is affected.

Symptoms can vary from day to day and are not a measure of how serious the change is. Menopause, pregnancy, childbirth, ongoing constipation and repeated heavy lifting can influence pelvic support. An examination can identify the type and extent of prolapse.

Book an assessment if the bulge, pressure or bladder or bowel changes interfere with comfort, exercise, work or intimacy. Until then, avoid straining, treat constipation with professional guidance, and ask about pelvic floor physiotherapy. A vaginal pessary may support the vaginal walls for some people; fitting and follow-up are important. Surgery, including pelvic floor repair surgery or sacrocolpopexy, is considered when symptoms remain troublesome after discussion of options.

Seek prompt medical care if you cannot pass urine, have severe pain, heavy bleeding, fever, or a bulge that becomes very swollen, ulcerated or impossible to push back comfortably. Sudden worsening after an injury also warrants urgent assessment.

Ask which organ is prolapsing, whether bladder or bowel tests are needed, how to protect your pelvic floor, and which option fits your symptoms, pregnancy plans and daily activities.